Mauryan art iasmania civil services preparation online. Both religions became popular as they opposed the varna and jati systems of the hindu religion. Court art is represented by the pillars and their capitals. Arts of the mauryan period doorsteptutor material for ias is prepared by worlds top subject experts. Kushan art, art produced during the kushan dynasty from about the late 1st to the 3rd century ce in an area that now includes parts of central asia, northern india, pakistan, and afghanistan. What was the main occupation of the people during mauryan period. However, after decline of that civilisation, there is a long gap and it is only in the maurya period that monumental stone sculpture and architecture appeared on the scene again. Metallurgy, pottery, woodwork and stonecutting were other prominent crafts and industry prevalent during the mauryan period.
The mauryan period represents the third major period in the indian cultural history after the prehistoric times and indus valley. Check out our case study on ajanta and ellora to explore more. The kushan period of imperialism, at its grandest moment, reigned over the region covering presentday afghanistan, northwest pakistan and northwestern india. Excavations in the ancient palace of pataliputra have brought to light hellenistic sculptural works, and hellenistic influence appear in the pillars of ashoka at about the.
The period from sixth to late fourth century bc witnessed the rise of territorial polities mahajanapadas in north india. Ananda coomarswamy differentiates the mauryan sculptures into court art and the popular art. Class 11 th arts the mauryan period mauryan or chandragupta mauryas administration 1. Pandays the pandyan empire was founded by a woman king. But the lower class women have to follow all the rules that are stated previously. However, after decline of that civilisation, there is a long gap and it is only in the maurya period that monumental stone sculpture and architecture. Stupas were burial mounds prevalent in india from the vedic period. Artists in the ancient mauryan empire mastered this difficult art and created beautiful, impressive works from stone. Lesson 3 art during mauryan period std ix created by vinod. After the indus culture, the most primitive existing architectural heritage in india is that of the mauryas. Nov 24, 2015 during the early period, buddha is depicted symbolically through footprints, stupas, lotus throne, chakra, etc. A great deal of gandhara sculpture has survived dating from the 1st to probably.
Through this course, shreyaa explains in detail on how the upsc cse aspirants should. Pdf 24 arts of the mauryan period art and culture by. Apr 22, 20 mauryan empires development history mauryan empire founder. No artistic remains survive from the period which began in 1500 ac and lasted for a thousand. The paper discusses the art and architecture developed during the mauryan period. Worship of yakshas and mothergoddesses were prevalent during that time. Iasbaba revisionindian culture part 2 mauryan art arts of the mauryan period sixth century bce marks the beginning of new religious and social movements in the gangetic valley in the form of buddhism and jainism. Send to my progress send to my bookmarks print pdf. Mauryan art represents an important transition in indian art. The court art includes the pillars and their capitals while the popular art includes the works of sculptors such as the yakshas and yakshinis. These beautiful architectural buildings belongs to the maurya dynasty. Popular art is represented by the works of the local sculptors like chauri whiskbearer from didarganj. Additions to the wall were made over a period of 2000 years because the frontiers of the empire kept shifting.
This shows the artistic achievements of the respective period. There were invasions from various foreign tribes but the indian society absorbed these infiltrators and continued its development by making alterations. Nov 07, 2016 coomaraswmy argued that the mauryan art may be said to exhibit three main phases. A kumaoni aipaninspired centre pendant with manipuri and south indian side pieces, all bound with cochineal red thread as if stringing together the richest of rich craft histories in pure 22k gold. Religious practices had many dimensions and were not confined to just one particular mode of worship. Thus, the events from life of buddha, the jataka stories, etc. Let us find out various art and architecture of mauryan period which had. Arts of the mauryan period translation in hindi, kannada. During the ashokan period, stonework was of a highly diversified order and comprised lofty freestanding pillars, railings of stupas, lion thrones and other colossal figures. Arts of the mauryan period indian culture series ncert clear.
Ashoka emerged as the most powerful king of the mauryan dynasty who patronised the shraman tradition in the third century bce. Aug 15, 2017 the earliest group of caves consists of caves 9, 10, 12, and 15a. The constituents of central government were the king, the council of ministers and the high officials. He was assisted by the yuvaraja, the crown prince and the mantrins or a council of. The great mauryan ruler ashoka embraced buddhism as a part of shraman tradition and the immense buddhist missionary activities that followed during his rule paved the way for the development of mauryan sculptural and architectural styles king ashoka patronized the shraman tradition in the third century bce the shraman tradition refers to several indian religious movements. We explain influence of buddhism on ancient indian art with video tutorials and quizzes, using our many waystm approach from multiple teachers. Parsva, vasumitra, asvaghosa, nagarjuna, charak, and mathara were some important scholars who found patronage in the royal court of kanishka. The rock cut caves, stupas and palaces makes the art of maurya period as a landmark in the history of indian art. The kushans fostered a mixed culture that is best illustrated by the variety of deitiesgrecoroman.
The maurya empire was a geographically extensive iron age historical power based in magadha and founded by chandragupta maurya which dominated the indian subcontinent between 322 and 185 bce. Samacheer kalvi 6th social science history solutions term. Arts of the mauryan period indian culture series ncert. Maurya empire was the great empire to flourish in india. Individual mauryan sculptures and terracotta figurines. The mauryan empire was a political and military empire that existed from. The postmauryan period saw the development of local or regional styles of sculptural artgandhara and mathura in the north and amarvati in the lower krishnagodavari valley. They were made during the period 100 bce to 100 ce, probably under the patronage of the satavahanas who ruled the region. An overview mauryan art encompasses the arts produced during the period of the mauryan empire 4th to 2nd century bce represented an important transition in indian art from use of wood to stone 2 the lion capital of ashoka from sarnath that is now the national emblem of india mauryan. Implies architectural works in the form of pillars, stupas. The reign of the mauryas began with its first charismatic king chandragupta maurya, and the areas his empire encompassed were from northeast, east and central parts of india. Jun 6, 2016 the maurya empire, also known as the mauryan empire, was a geographically extensive iron age historical power in ancient india, ruled by the maurya dynasty from 322185 bce.
Instead of pillars, rock cut caves are also an artistic achievement of ashokas reign. The chief centers of art were gandhara, sarnath, amravati and mathura. The mauryan art refers to the art produced during the reign of the mauryas from the 4th to the 2nd century bc, the very first empire to rule most of indian subcontinent. During the mauryan period, caves were generally used as viharas, i. The sculptures and architecture during this period is regarded as the finest example in indian art. The main examples of the mauryan art and architecture are. The woman from the higher castes especially kshatriyas or brahmins are allowed to get educated in music, philosophy, drawing and history in the gupta. The first phase was the continuation of the pre mauryan tradition, which is found in some instances to the representation of the vedic deities the most significant examples are the reliefs of surya and indra at the bhaja caves. The caves during the mauryan period were marked by a highly polished finish of the. The sculpture is of superior quality and highly artistic in treatment. The mauryan period represents the third major period in the indian cultural history after the prehistoric times and indus valley period. Implies architectural works in the form of pillars, stupas and palaces commissioned by mauryan rulers for political as well as religious reasons. Mauryan art and architecture art and culture for upsc.
In mauryan period, woman from higher or upper classes are allowed to study and take part in political activities. Rock cut chaitya caves in the barabar and nagarjuni hills. This culminated into the establishment of the mauryan empire in about 325 bc. In this article, we are dealing with the trends in the post mauryan art and architecture as a part of the indian culture series based on the ncert textbook an introduction to indian art part 1. During the reign of ashoka, the mauryan empire reached the peak of its glory. Ncert class 11 an introduction to indian art arts of mauryan period. The rise and growth of the kushans as a political power 1st century to 3rd century ad coincided with a great cultural ferment in the region.
She also encouraged trade and patronised art as well as literature. Chapter 6 post mauryan period 200bc to 300ad civilsdaily. This is probably because buildings were not made of stone in this period. The mauryan empire art and architecture constitutes the progress of indian.
During the period between guptas and harsha, polity, religion, society, economic life, literature, art, and architecture and technology were in the highest state of glory. Dec 17, 20 the maurya period is marked by an impressive progress in the indian sculpture. Several monasteries, viharas and caves were constructed during this period. It was meant to protect the northern frontier of the empire from pastoral people. Tamilnadu samacheer kalvi 6th social science history solutions term 3 chapter 2 the postmauryan india samacheer kalvi 6th social science the postmauryan india textual evaluation. What was the language of the common masses during mauryan empire. Religious practices had many dimensions during this period. Understand the ways in which the buddhist religion influenced ancient indian art during the mauryan period. Life and culture the people during this period lived a simple life. The mauryan period is a great landmark in the history of the indian art.
Traditions and cultures evolved over ages to give us the vast diversity in the decorative arts of india. The stone monuments of asoka have defied the ravages of time and they form the earliest artistic record of indian civilisation yet discovered. In fact, the history of indian art begins with the advent of the mauryans. Remains of the royal palace and the city of pataliputra. In every period the sculptures are created in different styles. Art and architecture had developed substantially during the mauryan period. One of indias earliest military states was the mauryan empire, which dominated the subcontinent from roughly 321185 bce. The most important feature of the postmauryan period was its growth of trade and commerce, both internally as well as externally in the country. Aug 06, 2016 coomaraswamy distinguishes between court art and a more popular art during the mauryan period. The mauryan empire was the first most powerful indian empire to bring.
During the period of maurya, these buildings were constructed for prayer and as a resting. Most of the information here is presented in a bulletpoint format. The mauryan empire indicates the triumph of monarchy as a political system over tribal republics. In this post, we bring you the important aspects of the arts of the mauryan period. The gupta period had witnessed a brilliant development in the fields of art, architecture, sculpture and literature. The use of stone had reached such great perfection during this time that even small fragments of stone art were given a high lustrous polish resembling fine enamel. Disha quick indian history for competitive exams book pdf. Mauryan art is the art, mostly sculpture, produced during the period of the mauryan empire, which was the first empire to rule, at least in theory, over most of the indian subcontinent, between 322 and 185 bce. Chandragupta maurya was one of the vastest empires of ancient india. May 08, 2017 lesson 3 art during mauryan period std ix created by vinod shelkar, kalyan. Get detailed illustrated notes covering entire syllabus.
Though he was an absolute ruler, he was accessible to his subjects. Previous article pdf 23 arts of the indus valley art and culture next article pdf 25 post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture related articles more from author. As already discussed the gandhara school of art developed during this period. Because of this reason, this period is popular as a golden period of indian history.
What was the centre of education during mauryan regime. How much did agriculturists pay taxes during mauryan period. This frugal little neckband is a microcosm of that. Somewhat before the time of the mauryan empire, about 2400 years ago, began to built this wall. The use of currency, which began in the earlier period, became a fairly common feature of the maurya period because of the developed commerce. The greatest mauryan emperor, ashoka, was also a major patron of.
Brief notes on various schools of art in the postmauryan period. Apart from the court art or royal patronage, cavearchitecture, sculpture, and pottery took the expressions of art by individual effort cave architecture. Nov 08, 2016 click here to download pdf of article with images. The enormous wealth of the country during the imperial guptas had led to a cultural resurgence in india. We have already discussed the arts of the mauryan period in the previous article. Doorsteptutor material for ias is prepared by worlds top subject experts. This relief technique in stone becomes the major contribution of mauryan artists to. Post mauryan society and trade history study material. Coomaraswamy distinguishes between court art and a more popular art during the mauryan period. Indus valley civilization early vedic civilization later vedic civilization buddhism jainism 16 mahajanapadas rise of magadha haryankadynasty sisunaga dynasty nandas alexander invasions on india mauryan empire sungas kanvas indogreeks guptas harshavardhana satavahanas sangam age kushanskanishka badami chalukyas kalyani chalukyas pallavas. Economy, social life, art and architecture in mauryan age. The central government was under the direct control of the emperor.
The first imperial art presentation by group 8 1 2. From the second century bce onwards, various rulers established their control over the vast mauryan empire. Mauryan art is the art, mostly sculpture, produced during the period of the mauryan empire, which was the first empire to rule, at least in theory, over most of the. Iron age was the start of this great empire and covered the almost whole indian subcontinent geographically. Comprising the majority of south asia, the maurya empire was centralized by the conquest of the indogangetic plain, and its capital city was located at pataliputra modern patna. Mauryan art no significant architectural remains have been found corresponding to the period between the harappans and the mauryas. The mauryan empire was a pan indian empire founded by chandragupta maurya.
A study of the arthasastra in conjunction with the edicts provides information. Ashoka is considered the most significant ruler of the empire. Coomaraswmy argued that the mauryan art may be said to exhibit three main phases. The mauryan empire art and architecture constitutes the progress of indian art and plays important role in cultural history. Economy, social life, art and architecture in mauryan age there were 27 superintendents adhyakshas appointed by the muaryan empire to regulate economic activities of the state. This post gives a detailed description about the post mauryan schools of art and architecture such as gandhara. It represented an important transition in indian art from use of wood to stone. Wood was the principal building material used during the mauryan empire. But after ashoka, its downfall started and finally in the 185 b. The compilation is based on the ncert textbook an introduction to indian art part 1. Apr 26, 2016 mauryan art and architecture the origins of monumental stone sculpture and architecture in the indian subcontinent go back to the harappan civilisation. Jun 29, 2019 he also got converted to buddhism in the 4th council, held in kundalavana, kashmir. Post mauryan trends in indian art and architecture indian. The founder of this great dynasty is chandragupta maurya along with the help of his guru chanakya.
Construction of stupas and viharas as part of monastic establishments became part of. The period was marked by the use of stone and various masterpieces. The establishment of the mauryan empire in contrast to the earlier smaller kingdoms ushered in a new form of government, that of a centralized empire. He was the fountainhead of all civil and military administration. Nov 22, 2017 this lesson provides an insight into the art forms prevalent during the mauryan era. Greek historian, megasthenes, described the palaces of the mauryan empire as one of the greatest creations of mankind and chinese traveler fa hien called mauryan palaces. Influence of buddhism on ancient indian art tutorial. There were two major internal land routes in ancient india.